Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a proteção contra a descarbonetação de diferentes revestimentos de pintura de tijolos refratários MgO-C usados em panelas de aciaria. A oxidação de tijolos refratários MgO-C leva à perda de espessura dos tijolos e, conseqüentemente, à diminuição da vida útil dos mesmos. Neste trabalho, foram testados três tipos de revestimentos (A, B e C), preparados em laboratório, os quais foram aplicadas sobre tijolos MgO-C. Estes revestimentos foram testados em relação à proteção contra a descarbonetação nas temperaturas de 850, 950 e 1050ºC. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a aplicação de revestimentos para pintura sobre refratários MgO-C apenas minimiza a descarbonetação, já que estes revestimentos vitrificam em temperaturas superiores ao início da oxidação. Além disso, notou-se que a espessura da camada descarbonetada é diretamente proporcional à temperatura de queima. Entre os revestimentos avaliados, o que apresentou melhores resultados foi o C, devido as suas características de escorrimento e viscosidade, além de vitrificar em temperatura inferior a dos revestimentos A e B.

This work aims to evaluate the utilization of different coatings to prevent the decarburization of refractory bricks MgO-C used in ladles. This oxidation causes the loss of thickness of the bricks and the reduction of its useful live. The three types of coatings A, B e C were prepared in laboratory and then were applied on MgO-C bricks. The samples were tested at temperatures of 850ºC, 950ºC and 1050ºC. It was verified that the three tested coatings only minimize the decarburization, since they vitrify and become effective at temperatures higher to the beginning of the oxidation temperature. Moreover, it was noticed that the thickness of the decarburized layer is directly proportional to the firing temperature. The coating that presented better results was C, which showed better characteristics of flowing and viscosity. Besides that, it vitrified at lower temperature comparing to coatings A and the B.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar mecanismos responsáveis pelo desgaste dos tijolos refratários de magnésia-carbono de uma panela de aciaria, devido ao ataque da escória SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO. Para tanto, tijolos refratários MgO-C utilizados na linha de escória de uma panela industrial foram comparados com tijolos após o uso (post mortem). A microestrutura da região interfacial escória / refratário foi avaliada por análises mineralógicas (difração de raios X), microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia óptica (lâminas petrográficas). Foi possível constatar que o tijolo post mortem apresenta, além das fases já existentes in natura, novas fases como a alumina, o silicato de cálcio e a gelenita devido à sua reação com a escória. Os resultados sugerem que o principal meio de degradação do tijolo se estabeleça pela infiltração da escória na matriz entre os grãos do tijolo refratário. Isto ocasiona o arrancamento de grãos, comprometendo a microestrutura original do material refratário, diminuindo seu tempo de vida útil.

The present work has as objective to identify and to characterize the responsible mechanisms for the degradation of magnesia-carbon refractory bricks of a metallurgical ladle, due to the attack of the SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO slag. For that, MgO-C refractory bricks used in the slag line were compared with bricks after the use (post mortem). The microstructure of the interfacial region refractory brick/slag was evaluated by mineralogical analyzes (X-rays diffraction), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and thin sections for petrography analyses (optic microscopy). It was possible to evidence that the brick post mortem presents, beyond the existing phases already in natura, new phases such as alumina, calcium silicate and gelenite, due to its reaction with the slag. The results suggest that the main way of degradation of the brick was the infiltration of the slag in the matrix and grains boundaries of the refractory brick. This causes to the pulling out of grains, compromising the original microstructure of the refractory material, diminishing its time of useful life.

Desulfurization of the gases from coal combustion was studied, using limestone (marble) as the sorbent in a fluidized-bed reactor. The kinetic parameter, k, was measured by analyzing the reduction in SO2 emissions in relation to time when a batch of limestone was introduced directly into the combustor chamber. The influence of sorbent composition and particle size was also studied. The CaO content in the limestone was more important than the MgO content. Sorbent particle size showed a strong influence on the reaction time and efficiency of desulfurization. The results of this work prove that marble type is very important in the choice of sorbent for a desulfurization process. A magnesian limestone showed a better performance than a dolomite. Therefore, the magnesian limestone is more efficient for a shorter particle residence time, which is characteristic of the bubbling fluidized bed.

The concentrations of heavy metals in two kinds of Brazilian coals at 100° C (acid digestion) and at 850° C were studied (ashes the obtained in muffle furnace with and without addition of limestone). Data were analyzed by flame atomic absorption, using the air acetylene flame. For Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cu the metal concentration obtained the acid digestion were higher than metal concentration were obtained in tests in the muffle furnace. This behavior observed in the muffle furnace occurs because these metals are fixed in stable sulfated compounds in the ashes, which are difficult to dissociate at flame temperature, and also due to the volatile character of the metals, mainly Pb and Zn. There was a constant concentration in the ashes in of Cr the acid digestion and muffle furnace tests. Results from tests using an XRD apparatus indicated, he formation of sulfated compounds in the ashes for both. coals. The analysis using microprobe electronic showed retention of metals like Ni, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ti and Ca. For both coals, the low mobility of most of the metals studied occured due to the alkaline pH of sulfated ashes. These metals in the ash from coal combustion in fluidized bed reactor were also studied and showed similar results, enabling a scale-up to pilot scale.